1. Extension of the Cold War

Question focus:

The Cuban Missile Crisis

• The roles of the USA and USSR in Cuba

• The Cuban Missile Crisis

• Containment and brinkmanship: Cuba as an example

• Who was to blame for the Cold War in Cuba?

2. Independent Africa

Question focus: Africa in the Cold War:

Case study:

Angola

• Angola: Colonialism and independence

• Outbreak of civil war in 1974 (MPLA and UNITA)

• Reasons for and nature of involvement in Angola (USSR, USA, Cuba, China, South Africa); impact on regional stability

• Significance of the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale 1987 and 1988

3. Civil society protests from the 1950s to the 1970s

Question focus: The Black Power Movement

• Reasons for the Black Power Movement

• Formation of the Black Panther Party

• Roles of Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X

• Short-term and long-term gains



1. The Cold War

Question focus:

Case Study: China

• Introduction: Establishment of Communist China in 1949 (Background)

• Cultural revolution

• Chinese relations with the Soviet Union and the USA from 1949 to 1973

• China's changing relationships with neighbouring states: Tibet, India, Vietnam, Taiwan (in broad outline)

• China as a superpower (in broad outline)

• China's economic liberalisation on relations with the rest of the world since Mao's death

2. Independent Africa

Question focus : Comparative case studies on the Congo and Tanzania

• What were the ideas that influenced the independent states?

• Political, economic, social and cultural successes and challenges faced by the Congo and Tanzania

3. Civil society protests from the 1950s to the 1970s

Question focus: The US Civil Rights Movement

• Reasons and origins of the Civil Rights Movement in the USA

• Role, impact and influence of Martin Luther King Jr

• Forms of protest through civil disobedience: Montgomery bus boycott, sit-ins, marches, including those to Lincoln Memorial, Birmingham campaign and SelmaMontgomery marches

• Short-term and long-term gains



1. Civil Resistance, 1970s to 1980s: South Africa

Question focus: The challenge of Black Consciousness to the apartheid state

• The nature and aims of Black Consciousness

• The role of Steve Biko • Black Consciousness Movement (BCM)

• The challenge posed by the ideas of Black Consciousness to the state

• The 1976 Soweto uprising–briefly, relating to the influence of BCM on the students

• The legacy of Black Consciousness on South African politics

2. The coming of democracy to South Africa and coming to terms with the past

Question focus: The TRC

• Reasons for the TRC hearings

• The debates concerning the TRC

• Positive aspects of the TRC

• Amnesty and reparations

• Responses of political parties to the TRC and the final report of the TRC

3. The end of the Cold War and a new order 1989 to the present Question focus: New World Order

• What is globalisation?

• Emerging economies and different forms of capitalism: BRICS

• South Africa's success in avoiding outright civil war and President Mandela's policy of reconciliation

• Responses to globalisation



1. Civil Resistance, 1970s to 1980s: South Africa

Question focus: The crisis of apartheid in the 1980s

• Government attempts to reform apartheid

• International response

• International anti-apartheid movements

• Anti-Apartheid Movements in Britain and Ireland

• Activities of the Movements: sports boycott; cultural boycott; academic boycott; consumer boycott; disinvestment; sanctions; release Mandela campaign

• Support for the anti-apartheid struggle in Africa: Frontline states

2. The coming of democracy to South Africa and coming to terms with the past Question focus: Negotiated settlement and the Government of National Unity

• Beginning of negotiations 1990–1991

• Breakdown of negotiations

• Multiparty negotiation process resumes

• Ongoing violence

• Final road to democracy 1994

3. The end of the Cold War and a new world order

Question focus: The end of the Cold War: The events of 1989

• Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union

• The disintegration of the Soviet Union

• Turning point in South Africa (the collapse of the Soviet Union and its impact on South Africa)

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