A strategy whereby the farmer can spread the risk by investing in several enterprises
Diversification
- The enzyme in the saliva of pigs responsible for the chemical change from starch to simple sugars
Amylase/ptyalin- A farmer who produces on a large scale and is profit-orientated
Commercial farmer- The phenomenon where a superior cow is treated with hormones to produce many ova
Superovulation- A powerful contraction of the urethra that deposits semen into the vagina of the cow
Ejaculation- The stage of mating where male and female animals are attracted to one another
Courtship- Telling people more about a product in order to convince them to buy it
Promotion/advertising- The production output in relation to the financial input in a farming enterprise
Productivity- An instrument used to transfer desirable genes into plant tissue
Gene gun- A form of biotechnology that involves the manipulation of genes to obtain desired characteristics
Genetic modification/engineering/GMO- Characteristics that are determined by the outcome of only one gene
Qualitative characteristic- The index used to determine the quality of a protein in a fee
Biological value/BV- A mineral deficiency that is responsible for parakeratosis in pigs
Zinc/Zn- A board with handholds that is used to handle pigs
Plywood- The process whereby eggs are produced by the ovary
Oogenesis/ovigenesis- The type of cloning used to generate an embryo which is implanted in the uterus of a cow
Reproductive- People who have the ability to recognise a unique business opportunity and who are willing to take the risk of starting their own businesses
Entrepreneurs- An indicator of the amount of work that is done relative to the amount of money that is spent on wages and salaries
Productivity/effectiveness- A strategy whereby the farmer can spread the risk by investing in several enterprises
Diversification- The crossing whereby two hereditary factors on two different chromosomes are involved in cross-breeding
Di-hybridism- The alteration of the DNA resulting in a change in the sequence of the genes
Genetic modification/ manipulation/engineering- The method used to divide the market for agricultural products into smaller groups of buyers is called market consolidation.
Segmentation- All business activities involving the flow of goods and services from the point of production until they reach the consumer is known as supply.
Marketing chain- Seasonal fluctuation is a problem relating to the marketing of agricultural produce as it is exposed to spoilage and rotting.
Perishability- Valuation is when the value of an asset declines with time.
Depreciation- Atavism is the ability of parents to transmit genetic characteristics to their offspring.
Prepotency- The substance in urea that may lead to poisoning due to its high concentration levels
Ammonia- A production system where pigs are kept outdoors in a traditional way, where they can move around freely, little attention is paid to them and they are fed waste foods
Backyard/free range system- The failure of a cow to expel the placenta within 12–24 hours after parturition
Placenta retentio- The process through which the male reproductive cells are formed
Spermatogenesis- The process of removing fertilised egg cells from a superior donor cow
Flushing/harvesting- People who recognise opportunities and are willing to take the risk of starting their own businesses
Entrepreneurs- A legally binding agreement between the employer and the employee
Contract- The proportion of physically visible differences that is passed on to offspring from parents
Heritability- A sudden change in the genetic material
Mutation- A form of biotechnology, which involves highly advanced scientific techniques, to obtain a desired characteristic through a process of genetic manipulation
Genetic modification/engineering- A metabolic disorder resulting from a vitamin B1 deficiency that causes neuromuscular problems
Polyneuritis- The type of host represented by a snail in the life cycle of a fluke worm
Intermediary/intermediate host- The normal animal birth presentation where the head rests on the feet and the nose is stretched towards the pelvis
Anterior- The process during which the nucleus of a female egg cell is removed for nuclear transfer
Enucleating- A device that is placed around the lower leg of a cow on heat to detect and record movement
Pedometer- The way in which price changes a demand or supply curve
Elasticity- The movement of money in a business over a specific period of time
Cash flow- The total number of gene effects that are inherited by the progeny that will determine its performance for breeding purposes
Breeding value- The phenomenon where one gene affects the phenotypic expression of another gene
Epistasis- A gradual decrease in the performance from generation to generation due to the continual breeding of related animals
Inbreeding depression- The index used to determine the quality of a protein in a feed
Biological value/BV- A mineral deficiency that is responsible for parakeratosis in pigs
Zinc/Zn- A board with handholds that is used to handle pigs
Plywood- The process whereby eggs are produced by the ovary
Oogenesis/ovigenesis- The type of cloning used to generate an embryo which is implanted in the uterus of a cow
Reproductive- People who have the ability to recognise a unique business opportunity and who are willing to take the risk of starting their own businesses
Entrepreneurs- An indicator of the amount of work that is done relative to the amount of money that is spent on wages and salaries
Productivity/effectiveness- A strategy whereby the farmer can spread the risk by investing in several enterprises
Diversification- The crossing whereby two hereditary factors on two different chromosomes are involved in cross-breeding
Di-hybridism- The alteration of the DNA resulting in a change in the sequence of the genes
Genetic modification/ manipulation/engineering- An alkaline liquid that is produced by the liver and released into the small intestine to assist in the digestion of fats
Bile- A technique where curtains are used inside a broiler house to help regulate temperature
Insulation/ventilation- The term given to the organism that is responsible for the transmission of viral diseases such as Rift Valley fever
Vector- The condition where female animals experience problems during the birth process and need a veterinarian's or the farmer's assistance
Dystocia- The inability of a bull to service cows that are in oestrus even though it has interest
Impotence- The management action where short-term and long-term strategies are developed for a farm business
Planning- The process of attracting public attention to a specific agricultural product or business through various forms of communication
Advertising/marketing/promotion- A summary of all income and expenditure showing how revenue from the sale of products and services is changed to net profit
Income statement- A gradual decrease in performance from generation to generation due to continual inbreeding
Inbreeding depression- The phenomenon where the alleles on a homologous chromosome pair are the same
Homozygosity- The type of feed that is responsible for the bulk of the ration of a ruminant animal
Roughage- The type of production unit that produces whole chickens for their meat in a short period of time
Broiler production unit- The type of pathogen that causes foot-and-mouth disease in cattle
Virus- The condition where the placenta and liquids dry out and only a dried-out foetus is left in the uterus
Mummification- The underdevelopment of parts of the reproductive organs of a bull
Hypoplasia- The portion of the final price that is taken up by costs involved in selling the produce
Marketing margin- The process of attracting public attention to a specific agricultural product or business through various forms of communication
Advertising/Marketing- The comprehensive activity involving the combination and coordination of human, physical and financial resources for agricultural production
Niche marketing- The crossing of two homozygous individuals that results in heterozygous offspring showing the characteristics of the one parent
Complete dominance- The transfer of a specific gene of one organism into the cell of another organism in order to obtain a desired characteristic
Transgenic transfer/Genetic modification- The mineral element needed for normal production of the hormone thyroxin
Iodine- Gross energy value of a feed minus the energy lost through faeces, urine and digestive gases, as well as the energy lost as heat
Net energy- A small area where sheep are kept and fed for maximum production output
Feedlot- The structure that develops on the ovary after ovulation at the position of the burst follicle
Corpus luteum- The most common bacterial disease that affects the udder and milk production
Mastitis- Strategic plan for livestock farmers to ensure that there is enough feed on the farm to meet all the requirements of animals for a period of one year
Fodder/feed flow- A permanent handling facility used to restrain a bull by its head
Neck/head clamp- A pair of globular glands that look like a cluster of grapes and which are the largest secondary sex glands of a bull
Seminal vesicle/vesicular glands- The process that results in eggs or ova being formed
Oogenesis/ovigenesis- An inflammatory bacterial disease that could be acute or chronic and which attacks the udder of a cow
Mastitis- A document indicating the expected income and expenditure of a farming business over a period of time in the future
Budget- A form of asset used as surety to the lender in order to obtain a fixed capital item
Collateral/fixed asset- The overall potential threat that any farmer covers when insurance is utilised in the farming business
Risk- A form of technology that involves highly advanced scientific techniques of manipulation/insertion of genes to obtain a desired characteristic
Genetic modification(GM)/engineering/biotechnology- The type of characteristics that are determined by a large number of genes and which are responsible for the continuous variation in the phenotypes
Quantitative- The digestive gland in the alimentary canal that secretes both digestive juice and hormones
Pancreas- The condition in farm animals caused by a shortage of iron and which leads to paleness
Anaemia- The breeding method where two different types of farm animals mate and produce sterile offspring
Species crossing- The medication injected into an animal to control bacterial infections
Antibiotics- The term used to describe a male animal that is interested in a female animal but lacks the ability to serve the female animal
Lack of libido/lack of sex urge/impotence- The portion of the final price that is taken up by costs involved in selling the produced goods
Marketing margin- The process of attracting public attention to a specific agricultural product or business through various forms of communication
Advertising/Marketing- The selling and promotion of agricultural products with a special but limited utilisation value to a small segment of the market by small and micro enterprises
Niche marketing- The crossing of two homozygous individuals that results in heterozygous offspring showing the characteristics of the one parent
Dominance- The transfer of a specific gene of one organism into the cell of another organism in order to obtain a desired characteristic
Transgenic transfer/genetic modification - A farmer who produces on a large scale and is profit-orientated